Hartley, John
2004
From Republic of Letters to Television Republic? Citizen Readers in the Era of Broadcast Television

386
“Very little progressive optimism was applied to television in a systematic way in formal academic, intellectual, and critical writing. This was in large part a symptom of twentieth-century intellectual politics, with television as merely the latest in a long line of miscreant media stretching back through movies, radio, and music to the gutter press, yellow press, and penny dreadfuls of previous centuries. Cultural elites were habituated to “assailing” media that in their view failed to “uplift” the masses.”

413
“Television became old when the desires and fears it used to evoke as the latest, most popular, all-singing, all-dancing attraction were transferred to newer media such as the Internet.”